- Spread Roman civilization and culture (Romanization).
- Improved transportation and trade.
- Spread of Christianity, Roman tolerance of many religions.
- Large standing army defended and expanded borders.
- Improved the water system with aqueducts.
- Architecture: public buildings, Colosseums.
- Created system of roads and highways.
Negative:
- Over expansion of military conquests.
- Political corruption, poor succession practices.
- Inflation, debasement of currency.
- Economic inequality, latifundia.
- Overreliance on slaves.
- Decline of traditional values.
- Barbarian invasions.