What evidence shows that European powers were already preparing for war prior to World War 1?

1. The arms race and militarism: Prior to World War 1, European powers were engaged in an arms race, rapidly expanding their militaries and stockpiling weapons and ammunitions. Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia all significantly increased their military budgets and introduced conscription policies to ensure a large pool of trained soldiers.

2. Formation of alliances and the Balance of Power: The major European powers formed alliances aimed at maintaining a balance of power and deterring potential aggression. The most significant alliances were the Triple Entente ( Britain, France, and the Russian empire) and Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). These alliances created a web of mutual obligations and heightened tensions among involved countries.

3. Imperialism and Colonial Rivalry: European powers were engaged in intense competition for colonies and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Balkans. This rivalry led to increased tensions and disputes between the powers involved, with some fearing that their economic interests would be jeopardized by the actions of their competitors.

4. Diplomatic Tensions and Crises: In the years leading up to World War 1, there were several diplomatic crises and conflicts that escalated tensions between European powers. Notable events included the Bosnian Crisis of 1908-1909 and the Agadir Crisis of 1911, both of which heightened fears of war.

5. Military Planning and Preparedness: The military establishments of the European powers were actively planning for potential conflicts. Germany's Schlieffen Plan and France's Plan XVII, for instance, outlined strategies and troop movements in case of war with neighboring countries.

6. Public Jingoism and Patriotism: There was a growing jingoism and patriotic fervor in the societies of European powers, fueled by nationalist sentiments and a glorification of military strength and readiness. This contributed to an atmosphere of increasing bellicosity and support for military conflict.

7. Naval Buildup and Competition: The European powers also engaged in a naval arms race, competing to built larger, more powerful warships. The growth of the German navy in particular was seen as a threat by Britain, leading to increased tensions between the two countries.