The treaty imposed harsh reparations on Germany, which led to the devaluation of its currency and runaway inflation. This, in turn, caused widespread poverty and social unrest and weakened the Weimar Republic, ultimately setting the stage for the subsequent rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazism.
Introduction Last April 17th marked the 60th anniversary of the failed invasion of Cuba that took place at the Bay of Pigs. It was a military operation carried out by Cuban exiles supported by the United States government through the CIA who, in April 1961, landed in that place with the intention o
Outside legal language, it may be that “Alea iacta est ”, the phrase that Julius Caesar pronounced when crossing the Rubicon, the stream that marked the limit between Republican Rome and Cisalpine Gaul, and heading to Rome with his legions, is the most used Latin expression with the meaning of “ the
The name. The name of the conflict comes from a joke that had Manuel Godoy as the protagonist. Arrested in Elvas during his war advance, he received some oranges as a gift - an exotic fruit at the time - and sent them to Queen María Luisa, her lover at the time, with the message that he was going t
Verati of todays Albania belonged for centuries to the Byzantine Empire. Researchers identify it with the ancient Greek Antipatria, while the Byzantines called the city Pulcheriopolis and later Belgrade (white city). The emperorMichael VIII Paleologos after the victory in Pelagonia (1259) and the