1. Political fragmentation: The mountainous terrain and numerous islands of Greece created natural boundaries that hindered the expansion and unification of city-states. This resulted in the development of numerous city-states, each with its political and legal systems.
2. Maritime culture: Greece's extensive coastline and numerous island fostered maritime tradition and trade. This promoted cultural exchanges and interactions between different regions of Greece and the wider Mediterranean world.
3. Limited arable land: The rugged terrain and lack of extensive flat lands affected agriculture. This led to the development of specialization in certain crop and the exploitation of hill slopes and terrace farming techniques to maximize arable land.
4. Natural resources: Greece possessed various natural resources such as silver, gold, copper, and marble. The exploitation and trading of these resources played a significant role in the economy of ancient Greek city-states.
5. Military advantage: The geographic features often natural defensive advantages. This allowed the Greeks to effectively resist invasions and protect their territories from external threats.
6. Colonization: Due to the limited arable land, the Greeks often established colonies in other parts of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. These colonies served as outlets for surplus population, provided access to new resources, and facilitated cultural dissemination.
7. Cultural diversity: The diverse landscapes and isolation of certain regions contributed to the development of local customs and dialects, leading to cultural diversity within ancient Greece.
In conclusion, the geography of Greece had a profound impact on the development of ancient Greek society. It influenced the nature of political organization, economic activities, cultural development, and military strategies, thereby shaping the unique civilization of ancient Greece.