Peasantry: Many peasants in France supported Napoleon because he promised to provide land ownership opportunities by breaking up large estates belonging to the aristocracy. He implemented reforms such as the Code Civil (also known as the Napoleonic Code), which emphasized equality under the law and eliminated many feudal privileges. This improved the lives and social standing of many peasants.
The French Military: Napoleon was a successful general who gained recognition for his military accomplishments during the French Revolutionary Wars. His victories and conquests increased national pride and gave hope for military glory and advancement to many young men from different backgrounds in France.
The Revolutionary Movement: Napoleon rose through the ranks during the French Revolution and initially aligned himself with its ideals. Many revolutionaries admired Napoleon for his leadership and perceived him as a continuation of the revolutionary spirit that aimed to challenge traditional privileges and establish a meritocratic society.
The Professional and Merchant Class (Bourgeoisie): Members of the bourgeoisie were attracted to Napoleon's promises to reform the government, promote economic modernization, and establish a more stable political system. They generally supported his vision of merit-based advancements rather than privileges granted by birth.
The Intellectual Elite: Many intellectuals and cultural figures supported Napoleon due to his embrace of science and education. He founded new institutions such as the French Institute of Science, and his cultural reforms aimed to democratize access to knowledge and education.
While these groups may have supported Napoleon initially, his long-reign later faced challenges and opposition from different segments of society. Not everyone remained supportive throughout his rule, and opposition movements did arise.