- Political dominance of Prussia: Prussia emerged as the dominant state within the German Empire, with its king, Wilhelm I, becoming the German Emperor. Prussia controlled the military, foreign policy, and much of the internal affairs of the empire.
- Industrialization and economic growth: German unification facilitated rapid industrialization and economic growth in Germany. The Zollverein, a customs union formed in 1834, eliminated internal trade barriers and created a single economic market within Germany. This boosted trade, encouraged investment, and led to the development of industries such as steel, coal, chemicals, and textiles.
- Military strength and expansionism: Germany's unification led to the creation of a powerful military force that would later play a significant role in European and world politics. The German military adopted advanced military tactics, strategies, and technologies, which contributed to its victory in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871. Subsequently, Germany embarked on a policy of territorial expansion, annexing territories from France (Alsace-Lorraine) and pursuing colonial ambitions in Africa and the Pacific.
- Social and cultural transformation: German unification brought social and cultural changes to the country. The rapid industrialization and urbanization led to the growth of cities, the rise of the working class, and the emergence of new social and political movements such as socialism and trade unionism. Cultural and artistic movements, such as Romanticism and Realism, flourished during this period, contributing to a sense of national identity and pride.
- Balance of power in Europe: The unification of Germany significantly altered the balance of power in Europe. Germany's increased military strength and territorial expansion caused concern and rivalry among other European powers, particularly France and Britain. This contributed to tensions and conflicts that eventually led to World War I in 1914.