The Ottomans employed a system of slavery as an integral part of their state structure. Captured individuals, particularly from military campaigns, were enslaved, and many served in the military or government. Slavery also provided a labour force for various economic activities, contributing to the economy.
2) Centralization of Authority:
The Ottoman sultans gradually consolidated their power and authority over local rulers, tribes, and provincial governors. This centralization of authority allowed the sultans to exercise greater control over the empire's affairs, ensuring obedience and loyalty from both the military and provincial officials.
3) Janissary Corps:
The Ottomans established the Janissary Corps, an elite military unit composed of young boys recruited from Christian families and trained in military tactics and discipline. The Janissaries played a crucial role in Ottoman military successes, becoming a formidable force that contributed to the expansion of the empire.
4) Gunpowder and Artillery:
The Ottomans quickly recognized the importance of gunpowder and artillery in warfare and embraced these technologies. They invested in the development and production of cannons and firearms, which significantly improved their military capabilities, giving them an advantage over their opponents.
5) Religious Tolerance:
The Ottomans practiced religious tolerance towards conquered territories, allowing non-Muslim subjects to follow their own religions freely. This policy of religious tolerance encouraged loyalty among their diverse populations and promoted stability within the empire.
6) Infrastructure Development:
The Ottomans placed emphasis on infrastructure development, building roads, bridges, and public buildings that facilitated trade, communication, and governance. This infrastructure supported the growth of the economy and strengthened the connection between different regions of the empire.
7) Strategic Diplomacy:
The Ottomans engaged in strategic diplomacy, forging alliances and maintaining relations with other states and powers in order to secure their borders and expand their influence. Diplomatic efforts helped avoid potential conflicts and provided opportunities for trade and diplomatic advantages.
8) Patronage of the Arts:
The Ottoman sultans and elites patronized the arts and sciences, supporting literary works, architecture, and artistic activities. This patronage contributed to the flourishing of Ottoman culture, fostering a sense of identity and unity within the empire.