* Steel armor and weapons: Spanish soldiers wore steel armor and used steel swords, spears, and crossbows. This gave them a significant advantage over the native peoples of the Americas, who were armed with wooden weapons and obsidian-tipped arrows.
* Artillery: The Spanish brought artillery with them to the Americas, including cannons and mortars. This allowed them to bombard enemy positions and destroy fortifications.
* Horses: The Spanish were the first Europeans to bring horses to the Americas. Horses gave the Spanish a significant advantage in mobility, allowing them to travel quickly and cover long distances.
Navigation Technology
* Astrolabe: The astrolabe was a device used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies, such as the sun and stars. This allowed Spanish navigators to determine their latitude and longitude, and to chart their course.
* Compass: The compass was a magnetic device that pointed to the north pole. This allowed Spanish navigators to keep track of their direction, even when they were out of sight of land.
* Carrack: The carrack was a type of sailing ship that was used by the Spanish for long-distance voyages. Carracks were large, sturdy ships that could withstand the rough seas of the Atlantic Ocean.
Medical Technology
* Smallpox vaccine: The Spanish brought the smallpox vaccine to the Americas. Smallpox was a deadly disease that had devastated the native population of the Americas. The vaccine helped to protect the Spanish from smallpox, and it also helped to spread immunity among the native peoples.
* Quinine: Quinine is a drug that is used to treat malaria. Malaria was a common disease in the Americas, and it was often fatal. Quinine helped to reduce the mortality rate from malaria, and it also helped to make it possible for the Spanish to settle in the Americas.
Other Technologies
* Printing press: The printing press was a revolutionary technology that allowed for the mass production of books and other printed materials. This helped to spread knowledge and information throughout the Spanish Empire, and it also helped to promote the spread of Christianity.
* Compass: The compass was a device that was used to determine direction. This allowed Spanish explorers to navigate their way around the world, and it also helped them to find their way back to Spain.
* Astrolabe: The astrolabe was a device that was used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies. This allowed Spanish astronomers to study the stars and planets, and it also helped them to determine their location on Earth.