It is said that the country name Japan began to be used in history in 672 when Emperor Tenmu. When we hear Japan, we recognize it from Hokkaido to Okinawa, but when the Yamato administration was born in the Kofun period, Japan is almost completely different from what we see as Japan. ..
It wasn't until the Meiji era that it became the current recognition range.
The ancient government had its own claims about the repatriation of each era, such as the battle with Tohoku and the relationship with Ezo and Ryukyu in the early modern period.
Our Kuni [ Japan ] How did it become the present Japan?
Let's see how Tohoku management was a big political issue from the Nara period to the Heian period and how it demanded attribution.
Tohoku Rebellion and the Imperial Court
During the Nara period, when the capital was relocated to Heijokyo in 710, and in the early Heian period from 794, he continued to resist without belonging to the imperial court. I was having a hard time with the people of Tohoku who called me.
Ezo Is a barbaric people It seems to mean that.
In 724, the imperial court set up a castle in what is now Miyagi prefecture against Ezo, who continues to resist this, and builds a protective facility against Ezo. The military rule was carried out based on this Tagajo.
We will send subjugation troops one after another to expand the political control area to the north from Tagajo.
As a result, Ezo is gradually pushed in, but repulsion is inherent in the crackdown by force. The crackdown by the armed forces of this imperial court will increase the cohesiveness of Ezo.
It was Aterui, the chief of Ezo, who showed tremendous talent for the suppression of the armed forces of the imperial court. He fought more than equal with the imperial court army against the overwhelming imperial court army, making good use of the terrain of Tohoku.
The trump card of the imperial court, Shogun General appears! !!
In the imperial court, the area of control of Tohoku is expanded, but it is pushed back by the Aterui style.
- 780:Burning down Tagajo, the base of the Tohoku rule of the imperial court, in the turbulence of Iji Korehari
- 789 Seitotai-shogun Ki no Kosami's army of over 50,000 attacks Ezo, but is defeated
As I wrote earlier, Ezo, led by Aterui, did not have as many troops as the imperial court, but he has a good sense of land and is fighting more than equal with the imperial court by taking advantage of the unique land of Tohoku.
Due to the success of the Ezo army and Aterui, the imperial court's advance into the Tohoku region will be disrupted.
Therefore, the imperial court will send elite Sakanoue Tamura Maro and others to subdue Tohoku.
The battle situation after the introduction ...
794
Shogun General Otomo no Otomo Maro And Seito Deputy Envoy Sakanoue Tamura Maro Succeeded in inflicting great damage on Ezo by sending about 100,000 imperial court troops to the top.
801
Shogun Sakanoue Tamura Maro Approximately 40,000 members of the imperial court attack Ezo and finally surrender Aterui.
When Sakanoue Tamura Maro appears, the formation of the imperial court and Ezo is reversed.
Then, in 801 the victory of the imperial court army put an end to the battle with Ezo.
Here, it is written as Shogun Otomo no Otomo Maro, but you can see that the first Shogun Shogun is Sakanoue Tamura Maro. I also thought that the first generation was Maro Tamura.
The reason why the imperial court army was so obsessed with Tohoku
So far I have written a battle to expand the territory of control to Tohoku, but why was the imperial court so particular about Tohoku?
I would like to introduce two aspects, the economic aspect and the administration policy of Emperor Kanmu.
Economic aspect
From the enactment and designation of the Taiho Code in 701, Japan has embarked on the path of a nation of rituals.
However, the people who suffered from the tax to support the decree nation fled and did not pay the tax, and the wallet situation of the imperial court was in a difficult situation.
Protecting the country with the power of Buddhism [ Chokingo Kokka ], Japan started construction of Todaiji Temple because of the anxiety of the social situation. The Great Buddha of Nara appears here.
This Buddha tried to make it with gold imported from abroad.
Meanwhile, an official who was investigating reported that a gold vein was found in Tohoku (Mutsu Province) in 749. This is good news for the imperial court, which was suffering from financial difficulties.
Furthermore, gold veins are discovered one after another as the power expands to Tohoku.
In addition to being able to mine gold, there is something in Tohoku that will moisturize your wallet. It was such an economic aspect that we tried to expand our power to Tohoku.
Emperor Kanmu's Political Policy "Military and Construction"
Another reason is the political policy of Emperor Kanmu.
Emperor Kanmu's reign was from 781 to 806, and the period of his reign overlapped with the subjugation of Ezo in the latter half.
In short, it can be seen that the subjugation of Ezo was the idea of Emperor Kanmu.
This is the military part of the military and the art.
Another feature was to create a gorgeous and luxurious Heiankyo.
At that time, the fact that the city was gorgeous and magnificent was thought to indicate the height of authority as an emperor and to represent virtue.
After that, in 811 Funya no Watamaro conquered Goheimura, and it is said that the subjugation army reached the northern end of Honshu.
After that, there was no organized subjugation of Ezo, and only the rebellion of the prisoners who returned to the imperial court was recorded, but the residents of Tsugaru and Oshima were still called Ezo.
It is believed that the Ezo subjugation did not take place at the end of the Ezo battle, and from this time until the time of Mr. Fujiwara Oshu, the northern end of Honshu was under Japanese control.