Himachal Pradesh Historical Philosophy

Himachal Pradesh, located in the foothills of the Himalayas, is a mountainous region full of natural beauty, in these foothills of the Himalayas, Mon Khamor (Kirat) and other castes were living in exile (hiding) due to persecution by the Aryans. Sambhar was their great heroic and majestic king. It is believed that Kirat caste was inhabited even during the Rigvedic period.

In the second century BCE, this entire Himalaya was a kirat land kinnar. This is evidenced by the inscription found in the famous Baijnath Shiva temple. Which is in Sharda script. In this the name of this settlement is found Kirgram or Kirat village.

These people have settled in Lahaul Spiti, Chamba, Pangi and other hilly terrains. Clear evidence of the settlement of Kiratas in Malana village in Kullu is easily accessible even today.

Prehistoric social and cultural beliefs are now visible in the primitive caste areas of Himachal Pradesh. Here Kirat, Kinnar, Yaksha, Nag etc. are among the prehistoric castes and important primitive castes. Whose relationship is found continuously in history, mythology, Himachal is a prehistoric region, which has a very important place in the development tradition of mankind.

Geographically, this region is also called Trigarta, which was separated from the plains of Punjab due to natural boundaries. It had six districts. Trigarta Paksha is also called Jaldharanay. Chamba, Kullu, Mandi come in the area of Bilaspur, Kangra and Sirmaur. Trigart was famous in the mountainous region. The name of this war union was also given. Which was a union of six states.

The earliest identifiable human remains in Himachal Pradesh were found in 1955 when Sohan type of Palaeolithic tools were found at Kangra, Kuler, and Dehra. These tools, made at different stages of development, were the first tools found in India. Although before partition such tools were found in Sohan valley which is in Pakistan. These tools, which seem to be 40000 years old, shed light on the humans living in this area and their environment.

Bhima married a demonic princess Hidimba during his conquest of the regions near Manali.
The Odambaras are said to be the descendants of Vishwamitra (Kaushik gotra) in the Mahabharata. It was a powerful tribe and, its coins have been found in Pathankot, the volcanic region of Kangra and Hoshiarpur district.
Kulut is described in Mahabharata, Ramayana and Vishnu Purana. This area is located in Upper Beas Wadi (now Kullu Wadi). Its capital was Nagar. The copper coins of Kuluto found from the Kullu valley throw light on his reign.
The description of Kulindas is found in Mahabharata and Puranas. Later on they came to be called Kunid. Their republic flourished in the mountainous region between the Beas and the Yamuna rivers. Now it will probably fall in Shimla and Sirmour areas
The Republic of Kulinda flourished in the 2nd century BC, today the Kanet are probably descendants of Kulinda.
After the fall of the Maurya Empire, the republics of the Himalayan region reorganized themselves. Among them some republics such as Kulinda issued their own coins.
Some republics like Odambara and Trigarta VI have been badly damaged. Trigarta Shashtha was divided into several parts and some of its units like Brahmagupta had become a separate independent region (Brahmapur).
According to Hansang, the circle of Kullu was some 75 mills and was surrounded by high mountains on all sides. In 500 AD, it was ruled by King Brahmpal.
Raja Veer Sen founded Suket in 1288 AD. His brother Girisena founded Keonbal.
Mandi state was carved out of Suket itself. It was established by Vansen in the 14th century. Mandi Nagar was founded by Ajmer Sen in 1527 AD.
Nalgarh was carved out of Bilaspur itself. It was founded by Ajaychand, a descendant of the kings of Kehlur.
Sirmaur was founded by Raja Rasalu, son of Raja Salvahan of Jaisalmer. Simuri Tal was its capital, which was washed away by the Girindi floods in the 12th century.
In 1019 AD Mahmud Ghaznavi attacked Kangra, broke the idols of the temples and went back to Ghazni after looting immense wealth.
In 1337 AD Mahmud bin Tughlaq conquered the fort of Nagarkot, but in the last years of his rule this fort came out of Delhi's authority.
The Mughal emperor Jahangir laid siege to the impregnable (Ajay) fortification of Nagarkot and the army there surrendered after starving. This deepening lasted for 14 months and ended in November 1620. The king's army surrendered with its huge treasury.
First in the Himachal region, Ghamand Chand Katoch revolted and captured Kangra, the territory of his ancestors.
Ghamand Chand was defeated by Jassa Singh, the head of the Sikh Misl and forced to pay taxes in 1770.
During 1914-15, Mian Jawahar Singh, the Rana of Kharigarh and others were sentenced to long imprisonment for setting up a branch of the Ghadar Party in Mandi.
On 15 July 1939, the Prajamandal of Dhami (a small princely state 18 miles away from Shimla) passed a resolution requesting the ruler to end the waste. In case of crop failure, 50% discount will be given in the revenue.
In 1857, the contribution of the kings of Shimla Hill States was negligible.
In 1847 a rebellion broke out in Nalagarh against Wazir Ghulam Qadir.
In 1880 AD, there was a movement in Sirmaur, the names of Kangra and Nurpur appear in the first of the kings of Punjab Hill State to raise their voice against the British.
In the first freedom struggle of 1857 AD, all the princely states of Shimla hill strongly opposed the British. There was fierce opposition from the British officers, traders etc. in this area and they were forced to migrate from this area.
In 1849 AD, King Shamsher Singh of Bushahr stopped paying tribute to the British rule.
On June 10, 1857, some freedom fighters from Jalandhar crossed the Sutlej river and entered Nalagarh and after looting the government treasury they proceeded directly to Delhi through the mountains. To suppress the Nalagarh rebellion, Commissioner William Hay from Shimla sent Captain Briggs and Mian Jai Singh of Baghal.
By 20 June 1857, the Nalagarh rebellion was completely suppressed and British rule was re-established there.
The people of Kangra, Chamba and Mandi did not show much enthusiasm in the revolt of 1857.
Suket Jan Andolan - Between 1862-76 AD, the people of Suket sounded the trumpet of rebellion against the Wazir. The rebellion was quelled only when Vazir Narottam was ousted.
Nalagarh Movement- took place in 1877 during the reign of Raja Ishwar Singh. The reason for the revolt was to impose new taxes on the subjects.
Land Movement of Sirmour- The land movement of Sirmour started in 1878. The special thing about this movement was that the people did not understand the real policy of the state, this movement took place.
Peasant Movement of Chamba - The reason for the movement in 1895 AD was the heavy tax of land rent, along with the taking of forced labor was also one of the reasons.
Land movement in Baghal - This movement took place in 1897 AD, the reason for this was also to put more in the land.
Land movement of Keonthal- In 1897 AD, there was a land movement in the princely state of Keonthal as well. The people here had stopped paying rent and begar.
Movement in Theoga and Beja- In 1898 AD, the flames of rebellion also flared up in Beja and Theog Thakurai. The people of Beja took the path of agitation against the Thakur. In 1989, the second movement was launched in Theog as a result of disturbances in the settlement of Thakurai.
Rebellion of Baghal - In 1905 AD, the rebellion broke out again in the side, the people declared war against the rulers and his brother. The reason for the rebellion was due to non-payment of increased rent. In the end, the British forces suppressed this rebellion.
Rebellion in Dodara Kwar - In 1906 AD, there was a rebellion in Dodara Kwar. At that time this area was in the hands of Ran Bahadur Singh of the hereditary vizier family of Pawari, Kinnaur village on behalf of the king. Ran Bahadur rebelled against the king and tried to annex Dodara Kwar. The local people supported him in this work. Finally in 1906 AD, he was captured on the orders of the British officers of the hill states of Shimla. After some time he died.
Farmer's Movement of Mandi- In 1909 AD, during the time of Raja Bhavani Sen of Mandi, the farmers started the movement. The reason for running the movement was that the people were tormented by the atrocities, corruption and economic exploitation of the princely state's vizier Jiwanand.
Kunihar's Peasant Movement- In 1920 AD, fed up with the exploitative tyranny of the administration by the farmers in the princely state of Kunihar, they adopted the path of agitation. The government of the princely state with the help of the British bowed down to this movement forcefully.
People's movement of Suket- In 1924 AD, again due to high rent and forced labor, the people adopted the path of mass movement.
Sirmaur's mass movement -1929 AD launched a movement against unfair land settlement. The princely government with the help of the British suppressed this mass movement by force.
Bilaspur Movement - In 1930, again the mass movement for land settlement took place due to the apprehension that land rent and other taxes may increase in it. Due to this apprehension, the people adopted the path of agitation.
Peasant Movement of Agreement- In 1942-43 AD, the government banned the sale of food grains outside the princely state and ordered the farmers to keep some grain with them and sell the rest of the grain to the government cooperative society. Apart from this, the king of the princely state had also imposed many unfair taxes on the people. Due to all these unfair government orders and forced labor, the farmers made way for the movement.

Himachal Pradesh Historical Philosophy

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