History of North America

What did Lincoln say about states seceding the union?

In his First Inaugural Address on March 4, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln addressed the issue of states seceding from the Union, which had led to the outbreak of the American Civil War. Lincoln expressed his desire to preserve the Union and stated that he would not initiate military action against any state unless it engaged in armed conflict against the federal government. However, he also asserted the federal government's duty to maintain its authority over all states and territories.

Here is the relevant excerpt from Lincoln's First Inaugural Address:

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"I hold that, in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Continue to execute all the express and implied powers of the Constitution, as hitherto accustomed, preserving the integrity of all the parts, and there can be no danger of the Union being dissolved, because friction produces no abrasion where there is no substantial resistance."

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In this passage, Lincoln argues that the Union is perpetual and that there is no provision in the Constitution for its termination. He emphasizes the importance of preserving the integrity of all parts of the Union and stresses that the federal government has the duty to continue executing its constitutional powers. By doing so, he asserts the federal government's authority and discourages any attempts at secession.

Nevertheless, Lincoln also sought to avoid further escalation of the conflict and expressed a willingness to negotiate with the Southern states. He declared that he had "no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists." However, he also made it clear that he would oppose any attempt to extend slavery into the territories or interfere with the rights of free citizens.

In summary, Lincoln's statements on secession emphasized the importance of preserving the Union and the federal government's authority, but he also sought to find a peaceful resolution to the conflict and avoid unnecessary bloodshed.