Triumvirate is a super-major word that appears in world history textbooks and glossaries, but few people know what Crassus did and what he was, even though Caesar and Pompey knew. is not it?
This time I would like to focus on such a class.
Nouveau riche from Equites
If you can describe the characteristics of Crassus in one word, it is nouveau riche.
Crassus is not from a prestigious Roman aristocrat, but is born in the Equites class, which can be called an emerging class.
The Equites class is translated into the knight class in Japanese for some reason, but it is a level that should be considered as a mistranslation. ..
Zamindar, a tax collector in India under the rule of the British Empire, had power, but the Equites class in Rome can be said to be its ancestor, and Crassus can be said to be its representative.
The Crassus clan is a clan that produced Puerator and Consul against the background of the power of gold, and it can be said that it was born and existed in contrast to Caesar, who has a tradition but no money.
Crassus himself has a considerable talent for making money, and it is said that he once had about half the personal wealth of Rome's national budget. He feels like half the wealth of one of the world's most prosperous countries, but his wealth comes in a way that isn't quite as good.
As a subordinate of Sulla
Crassus was consistently on the side of the sulla of the sectarian tribe, and in a modern way, he was stuck like a remora.
Sulla occupied Rome, slaughtered Marius and civilian humans, and confiscated his property. On top of that, he said that he would give a bounty to the people who escaped successfully, and if they were killed, they would give them ownership of the property.
The confiscated property was auctioned off, most of which is said to have been auctioned off by Crassus.
Because of this way of earning, Crassus was much disliked by the Romans. He seems to have been a usury.
Crassus had a brother who was originally the head of the Licinius clan, but he died in the Social War and his parents were slaughtered by Marius. At the same time, Pompey's parents and Caesar's uncle were also killed by Marius.
Marius himself died of illness, but when the civil war between Sulla and Rome, led by Marius's confidant Kinna, broke out, Crassus joined Sulla and eventually turned to the victor. You will get a huge fortune as you did.
This is in contrast to Caesar's need to flee abroad.
Suppress the Spartacus Rebellion
It is said that those who have gained wealth will then seek honor, but Crassus continued to seek honor in his life, which could be said to have brought about ruin.
Rome after the death of Marius and Sulla was also suffering from civil war and external pressure.
In Spain, the survivor of the civilian sect, Quintus Sertorius, has rebelled, and the influential general Metters Pius and the young hero Pompey have been sent out by the famous general Lucius to take measures against the Pontus king Mithridates, who was still rampaging in the direction of Greece. Then, the famous Spartacus rebellion has occurred.
The rebellion caused by the Thracian gladiator Spartacus had reached a scale of about 100,000, with fallen peasants and slaves merging from all over Roman territory.
The leader, Spartacus, seemed to have knowledge of military art, and because he was also a strong gladiator, he was an organized rebel army unlike a mere peasant revolt.
At first, Rome had the prestigious Claudius family Praetor (legal officer) Gaius Claudius Glavel with 3,000 soldiers to subdue them, but they were easily annihilated, and even though they dispatched Praetor Praetor, they were defeated. Humans all over Rome who heard the victory developed into a situation where they rushed to Spartacus.
At this point, the Roman side also decided to dispatch two consuls (consuls), who are in the highest position, instead of Praetor. Two people were dispatched, Renturus and Gellius, and although Chris, the commander of the Spartacus side, was destroyed, it was destroyed by the Spartacus main army.
It is said that Spartacus avoided direct battles with both armies and was able to win without much damage because each army was defeated before they joined.
The Roman side decides to put in Crassus, the trump card, due to the defeat of Rome the very best of the Consul class, not to mention the Praetor class.
Although Crassus was significantly inferior to Caesar and Pompey in his military talent, he is still more capable than the average person, as there are only those who have made a name for themselves in world history.
Or there is a description that Pompey helped at this time. The details vary from history book to history book, but Crassus successfully quelled the Spartacus turmoil.
There are many parts of the Spartacus Rebellion that differ depending on the history book, and it is not clear what the Spartacus sought to revolt in the war, which has many parts that are still unknown.
The rebels are making an uncertain move to go north if they think they have gone south on the Italian peninsula and then go south again if they think they are heading for the Alps, and it is said that they were trying to cross to Greece by ship with the support of King Pontos. There is a theory that he was about to return to Thrace beyond the Alps, but it is still a part that is not well understood.
It is not well known whether Pompey participated in the war, and since Crassus was unpopular even after the rebellion was suppressed, there was a section that the citizens thought it was Pompey's credit, and Crax's honor was satisfied. It may not have been done.
Triumvirate
The triumvirate is 99% likely to appear in world history textbooks, but at first no one thought that these three would form a group.
That's no surprise.
Caesar had an affair with Pompey's wife Mukia and Crassus' wife, and the disagreement between Pompey and Crassus was a very famous story. Pompey has even divorced his wife.
It is unknown how the three came to join hands.
It is said that Caesar was at the center, and Caesar married his only daughter, Julius, to Pompey and offered an alliance to Crassus.
The relationship between Caesar and Crassus is said to be creditors and debtors, and Caesar seems to have had a large amount of debt to Crassus. However, the relationship between the two is not bad at all, and it seems that Caesar was in a higher position for some reason.
He may have said that he would make more money if he was profitable because he was Caesar who spent his time in a big attitude even if he was trapped by pirates.
Crassus clearly wanted honor and more interests. It is said that he wanted to seize Egyptian interests in one theory, and he seemed to think that he needed to transcend the Senate for that.
Also, Crassus had financial strength but was not popular, and Pompey had no financial strength but was popular, so it may have confirmed the merits of teaming up with each other.
In any case, in 60 BC, the triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus began.
The Triumvirate side was in a fierce conflict with the Senate (although all three were also Senators), and in particular Cicero and Small Kato were friends with dogs and monkeys.
As an aside, although Caesar and Cicero had a fierce conflict at the Senate, they seemed to be close friends in private, and it is said that Caesar later used Cicero's younger brother and Cicero was overjoyed at that.
The famous Lucca talks began in 56 BC, and the Triumvirate began in earnest. In 55 BC Pompey and Crassus were appointed to the Consul at the same time, and in 1954 Crassus was often given absolute military power (imperium) to Syria as a province secretary.
Parthian expedition and death
His mission as Governor of Syria was not to invade the territory from the Parthians, but his honorable Crassus decides to go on an expedition to the Parthians.
However, Crassus's ability as a commander is above average. Moreover, the Parthian general Surena was an excellent general, and no reinforcements from the Kingdom of Armenia, who had promised to participate in the war, came, and he was hungry, thirsty and heat waves in an unfamiliar land, and he had already lost before the battle. It was in a state.
It was said that Rome would win in logistics, but Crassus's plan seemed to be quite sloppy, and he could not grasp the hearts of the soldiers, inviting General Cassius to leave the front, and Crassus was killed in action with his son, the Roman army. Only a few survived, with 20,000 of the 40,000 soldiers killed in action, 10,000 prisoners of war, and 10,000 successful escapes.
This defeat was one of Rome's greatest defeats and was long remembered by the Romans.
Personal evaluation of Crassus
According to the play done by Forbes magazine in the United States, Crassus is the eighth richest man in history. It was completely a story at the time when the first place was Kankan Musa, but in any case, it was certain that Crassus was an extraordinarily rich man.
And it was certain that Crassus was just a man with money.
Caesar didn't have the money, but he borrowed money from Crassus to organize and replenish his own corps.
Although Crassus has money, he uses only regular Roman soldiers to fight Parthian Empire.
It can be said that there is a complete difference in the vessels.
The results might have been different if Crassus had invested his fortune in the fight against Parthian, and his history might have changed.
The rich tend to be stingy, but Crassus was a man who had all the characteristics of the rich.
Caesar, who never thought about fattening his stomach, and Crassus, who never thought about fattening his stomach.
Crassus is, of course, not a hero's vessel. Again, I was just rich.
Looking at Crassus's life, I think he can't bring money to hell.