Unconstitutional Power: Tyrants were typically rulers who had not inherited their positions through traditional lineage or by holding an elected office. They came to power by overthrowing existing political structures or bypassing established institutional processes.
Personal Authority: Tyrants exercised personal, often absolute, authority. They were not bound by the laws or constitutional limitations that might have constrained more traditional rulers. Their power was based on their own strength, charismatic leadership, and the loyalty of their supporters.
Arbitrary Rule: Tyrants were often characterized by their arbitrary and sometimes oppressive use of power. They could make and enforce laws at their discretion, without regard for the rights or interests of their subjects.
Popular Support: While many tyrants were unpopular, some gained power with the support of the people, particularly in cases where they rose against oppressive oligarchies or other oppressive regimes. These tyrants might be tolerated or even welcomed by ordinary citizens as a means of achieving social or political change.
Mixed Perception: The perception of tyrants in ancient Greece was not entirely negative. Some tyrants were considered benevolent rulers who used their power to promote justice and the well-being of the people. Others were notorious for their cruelty and repression.
Contrast with Democracy: In ancient Greece, tyranny was often contrasted with democracy, which emphasized collective rule through the participation of citizens in political decision-making.
Over time, the term "tyrant" acquired increasingly negative connotations and was used to refer to rulers who abused their power, neglected their civic duties, or acted against the interests of their citizens.